Essex Children’s Services. A relationship is not a process. Reframing children's safeguarding in a way that emphasises the essential relational practice needed in public service delivery.

A collage of different cut-out illustrated things with colour overlays like a McDonalds and a park. Handwritten text shows some quotes from research like "He won't judge me like the teachers do"
A collage of different cut-out illustrated things with colour overlays like a McDonalds and a park. Handwritten text shows some quotes from research like "He won't judge me like the teachers do"
A collage of different cut-out illustrated things with colour overlays like a McDonalds and a park. Handwritten text shows some quotes from research like "He won't judge me like the teachers do"
A collage of different cut-out illustrated things with colour overlays like a McDonalds and a park. Handwritten text shows some quotes from research like "He won't judge me like the teachers do"

FRAGMENTS was a research, design and exploration project with Essex County Council. It was funded by the DfE

The goal was to create space to think outside organisational structures and think about more effective ways to deal with risks in the community.

Academics call this contextual safeguarding. Essex County Council calls it risk in the community. Most people would probably call it "keeping an eye out for things going wrong".

Image of poster that reads "Case management systems don't fix social justice issues"
Image of poster that reads "Case management systems don't fix social justice issues"

fragments.ff.studio and artwork.ff.studio attempted to lionise the often hidden people, services and humanity that support the vulnerable in society at a local level.

Such a great (and hard to describe) piece of work. I’ve had a nagging problem with the disco-alpha-beta-live approach in the more complex people and policy spaces. This was an experimental approach led by incredible social care practitioners and facilitated by designers.

Such a great (and hard to describe) piece of work. I’ve had a nagging problem with the disco-alpha-beta-live approach in the more complex people and policy spaces. This was an experimental approach led by incredible social care practitioners and facilitated by designers.

– Ben Unsworth, Director of Service Transformation - Essex County Council

Maybe we don’t need a map?

The project started with a common request of design agencies: “Can we have a map?”. But when we brought skilled technologists, designers and social care practitioners together, something made us uneasy about lots of red dots on a map.

Intuition made us feel that there was more to the problem than simply plotting the as-is or to-be state of a service.

Screenshot of work in progress; a slide that says 'High-level overview'
Screenshot of work in progress; a slide that says 'High-level overview'
Screenshot of work in progress; panel view of Google Slides
Screenshot of work in progress; panel view of Google Slides

A map would be too reductive for a project which explored a hard-to-describe spot between the informal and formal parts of Children's, young people's, and families' service delivery: the human aspects of the service.

🔗 Keeping young people safe is a shared responsibility.

🔗 Informality has a role.

🔗 Including more perspectives.

We experimented with how to dream bigger than service optimisation and “digital”. Our goal was to create the conditions for conversations that did not naturally fall within everyone’s formal responsibilities, because we felt better outcomes would be made in precisely that space between formal and informal.

🔗 What if young people were employed by the council?

🔗 What if council workers had to dedicate 20% of their time to preventive community projects and voluntary groups?

We planned a 12-week “discovery and alpha”. The subject matter was fractal and everything was connected. So we went with the flow, guided by the brilliant practitioners involved.

🔗 Widening perspective.

Our outsider status helped us to work without any preconceptions. But a little knowledge is a dangerous thing, so we carefully centred on our job as designers-as-facilitators.

It was refreshing to work at the intersection of service design, technology, research and artwork. Art and culture change people’s minds. Case management systems don’t fix social justice issues.

Looks like it was enabled by deftly moving them away from “we want an app” which requires a very delicate balance of skills to perform. Kudos.

Looks like it was enabled by deftly moving them away from “we want an app” which requires a very delicate balance of skills to perform. Kudos.

– John Chadfield, United Tech and Allied Workers

Social work is an extension of what used to be the community

Community safeguarding is not a transactional service to be “solved”. Our work explored the reality that keeping young people safe is a shared responsibility. Yet the legislative requirement to protect still ultimately rests with the council.

Conforming to the legislation, norms and expectations put upon local authorities whilst also experimenting with service approaches is a tricky balance to achieve.

We argued that the council can show both leadership and a convening role. Use its space in the community to bring people together and amplify the voices of communities. The people closest to young people who need support often find it the hardest to have a voice at formal gatherings.

So statutory professionals and people with informal roles must collaborate to make the difference between a good situation improving, or a bad one getting worse.

Screenshot of website created to promote the project that says "Including more perspectives"
Screenshot of website created to promote the project that says "Including more perspectives"

A project in two parts

The first half felt like a very traditional discovery project. Interview people, visualise the problem and illustrate the opportunities before committing.

By the mid point of the project we had four directions to choose from:

  1. Making better use of information to be more proactive

  2. Designing the conditions for good collaboration between partners

  3. Bringing in the view of young people and engaging the community

  4. What if the goal is creating momentum and change

Our final direction was a bit of a curveball, but ultimately it was the one we all agreed we should go for.

Screenshot of work in progress; a tab view of Google Slides
Screenshot of work in progress; a tab view of Google Slides

We outlined a set of options – from incremental service improvements to more difficult to define ideas like building momentum around new models of delivery.

Part two took on a different direction and different energy. 

The second half of the project became part research, part storytelling and part investigative journalism.

We asked ourselves: What if we don’t need tools, but instead need to shift behavioural norms? How do we build a longing for a completely different, community-first, approach?

How do we collectively imagine and dream about what that might look like? How do we give social workers and partners the confidence to share? How do we explain and portray the real professionalism within the sector? How do we continue to build the political momentum around this way of working?

What stories do we need to tell in order for it to be just common sense that your tools and practices function as we outlined, rather than timidly presenting them as experiments and concepts? Perhaps we use the remainder of this to take a risk and do something completely different. Maybe we make a podcast, or posters, or badges?

Part two took on a different direction and different energy. 

The second half of the project became part research, part storytelling and part investigative journalism.

We asked ourselves: What if we don’t need tools, but instead need to shift behavioural norms? How do we build a longing for a completely different, community-first, approach?

How do we collectively imagine and dream about what that might look like? How do we give social workers and partners the confidence to share? How do we explain and portray the real professionalism within the sector? How do we continue to build the political momentum around this way of working?

What stories do we need to tell in order for it to be just common sense that your tools and practices function as we outlined, rather than timidly presenting them as experiments and concepts? Perhaps we use the remainder of this to take a risk and do something completely different. Maybe we make a podcast, or posters, or badges?

Screenshot of work in progress; a map of a town, and the question 'Who or what is missing here?'
Screenshot of work in progress; a map of a town, and the question 'Who or what is missing here?'
Screenshot of work in progress; a Miro board with a photo of a park and feelings about the park on post-it notes around it
Screenshot of work in progress; a Miro board with a photo of a park and feelings about the park on post-it notes around it
Screenshot of work in progress; a Figma space with lots of different poster options laid out
Screenshot of work in progress; a Figma space with lots of different poster options laid out
Screenshot of work in progress; a Figma canvas with different mobile website layouts on it
Screenshot of work in progress; a Figma canvas with different mobile website layouts on it

Building belief and confidence in emerging ideas

As a remote-first project during the COVID-19 pandemic, much of our effort was spent trying to stay hopeful and imaginative, and experiment with ways to build and maintain belief.

Building belief and confidence in emerging ideas

As a remote-first project during the COVID-19 pandemic, much of our effort was spent trying to stay hopeful and imaginative, and experiment with ways to build and maintain belief.

An image with two quotes on it. The first reads "don't sell camera, tell people they will be better photographers", the second reads ""designing policy or strategy without an imaginative sense of where you are going mean your best efforts will land you towards the front of the status quo, but not ahead of it. Imagination elightens strategy, policy and programming and help you break free of institutional thinking that leads you to piecemeal reform" - Jennie Winhall"
An image with two quotes on it. The first reads "don't sell camera, tell people they will be better photographers", the second reads ""designing policy or strategy without an imaginative sense of where you are going mean your best efforts will land you towards the front of the status quo, but not ahead of it. Imagination elightens strategy, policy and programming and help you break free of institutional thinking that leads you to piecemeal reform" - Jennie Winhall"
An image with two quotes on it. The first reads "don't sell camera, tell people they will be better photographers", the second reads ""designing policy or strategy without an imaginative sense of where you are going mean your best efforts will land you towards the front of the status quo, but not ahead of it. Imagination elightens strategy, policy and programming and help you break free of institutional thinking that leads you to piecemeal reform" - Jennie Winhall"

This was repeated during the project, hope and storytelling drove the second half of the project forward.

Our weeknotes and collaboration sessions helped to elicit common ideas and goals from everyone involved. Experimenting with the tone of our communication created space for people to speak more freely and for the project to evolve.

A screenshot of a weeknote update with sections called Learned things and What's next
A screenshot of a weeknote update with sections called Learned things and What's next
A screenshot of a weeknote update with sections called Learned things and What's next

Before the final research write up, we ran a series of research workshops with experts. Each of these took place over two blocks, each of about 3 weeks, and included a diverse set of professionals from across the council’s care departments and Community Safety Partnership teams.

The workshops encouraged them to think outside their current roles and reflect on how they could collaborate better with each other. What tools, services and practices would need to change? How could they work together to achieve common outcomes? 

Expressive illustration showing how to be child-centric and community-minded
Expressive illustration showing how to be child-centric and community-minded

Our research found:

  1. The professional responsibility to identify and respond to community-based risk is distributed (but not evenly). Lack of clear role expectations and differing risk thresholds contribute to less effective collaboration between professionals.

  2. Expanding the influence of informal actors would make community safeguarding more effective. Members of the informal sector can often establish a trust with Young People that members of the formal sector cannot. People who are the most familiar with communities’ needs often have the least access to training and communication channels.

  3. Existing practices and processes hinder contextual thinking and responses. Disconnected data management systems, performance indicators and traditional ways of perceiving risk reinforce the tendency of teams to think in silos. Relying too heavily on formal referral processes can limit people from both accepting responsibility and increasing their understanding of the larger context.

  4. Multi-agency partnerships and ad hoc working groups enable collaboration in ways that formalised processes do not. Trust and valuing the expertise of others are essential to effective collaboration and data-sharing between teams, and will improve the response to evolving risks.

This is such a wonderful example of the role that designers can play: facilitating workshops, weaving together different perspectives, crossing disciplinary boundaries, visualising complex ideas (in such a beautiful way) and imagining different futures.

This is such a wonderful example of the role that designers can play: facilitating workshops, weaving together different perspectives, crossing disciplinary boundaries, visualising complex ideas (in such a beautiful way) and imagining different futures.

– Gemma Copeland, Designer

Relationships are the institutional structure of community safeguarding 

FF recommended making more connections between people involved in youth safeguarding, finding more shared language, funding more experiments, and adding formal and informal support and training.


  1. Create spaces, channels and moments to listen and involve the community. Pilot a more informal environment for information sharing, with meetings as and when required. Tap into the local community knowledge and expertise by including community representatives and young people. Tell stories to create space for more informal connections. Go to where your communities are and use their language.

  2. Fund experiments and pilot contextual ways of doing things. Hire more detached Youth Workers and allow them to spend more time in “hotspots” or places they believe to be the most appropriate. The relationships they build are the lifeblood of community safeguarding. Fund, manage and maintain communities of practice that blur the lines between formal and informal roles. Time after time, relationships are described as the institutional structure of community safeguarding so you need to actively encourage this.

  3. Equip everyone to be able to have a wider perspective. Create a single dedicated place to submit local concerns or “referrals” of any kind. Hide the formality of these processes and risk thresholds but guide their submission. Collate and connect meaningful data across partners to collectively and proactively understand risk. Disconnected data management systems reinforce the tendency to work in silos. Increase formal and informal support and training. This should include real scenario training, reflective sessions, cross-professional sessions and informal support for people in the community.

  4. Do further primary research to understand more perspectives. Keep repeating this work in the professional space and become a key member of the wider contextual safeguarding community. Start researching, understanding and bringing in the perspectives of young people and of voluntary groups. They may have completely different frames of reference for how they view risks in the community.

Relationships are the institutional structure of community safeguarding 


FF recommended making more connections between people involved in youth safeguarding, finding more shared language, funding more experiments, and adding formal and informal support and training.


  1. Create spaces, channels and moments to listen and involve the community. Pilot a more informal environment for information sharing, with meetings as and when required. Tap into the local community knowledge and expertise by including community representatives and young people. Tell stories to create space for more informal connections. Go to where your communities are and use their language.

  2. Fund experiments and pilot contextual ways of doing things. Hire more detached Youth Workers and allow them to spend more time in “hotspots” or places they believe to be the most appropriate. The relationships they build are the lifeblood of community safeguarding. Fund, manage and maintain communities of practice that blur the lines between formal and informal roles. Time after time, relationships are described as the institutional structure of community safeguarding so you need to actively encourage this.

  3. Equip everyone to be able to have a wider perspective. Create a single dedicated place to submit local concerns or “referrals” of any kind. Hide the formality of these processes and risk thresholds but guide their submission. Collate and connect meaningful data across partners to collectively and proactively understand risk. Disconnected data management systems reinforce the tendency to work in silos. Increase formal and informal support and training. This should include real scenario training, reflective sessions, cross-professional sessions and informal support for people in the community.

  4. Do further primary research to understand more perspectives. Keep repeating this work in the professional space and become a key member of the wider contextual safeguarding community. Start researching, understanding and bringing in the perspectives of young people and of voluntary groups. They may have completely different frames of reference for how they view risks in the community.

More on this project

More on this project

More on this project

More on this project

Project credits

FF team

David Marques

Eliot Fineberg

Georgina Bourke

Kirsty Jordan

María Izquierdo

Micki Semla

Sarah Read-O'Toole

Client team

Ben Unsworth

Chloe McSweeney

Dawn Attreed-James

Harriet Pickering

Kay Harrop

Padraig Cotter-Boston

Sally-Ann Millar

Shane Thomson

Tamsyn Basson

Contact

Four Five Studio Ltd, registered in England 14651429, VAT 435572192.

Privacy with Cabin: no cookies, no personally-identifying tracking.

We sit in the long arc of history and there are no lone acts.

This is all thanks to those who pushed things forward before us.

Contact

Four Five Studio Ltd, registered in England 14651429, VAT 435572192.

Privacy with Cabin: no cookies, no personally-identifying tracking.

We sit in the long arc of history and there are no lone acts.

This is all thanks to those who pushed things forward before us.

Contact

Four Five Studio Ltd, registered in England 14651429, VAT 435572192.

Privacy with Cabin: no cookies, no personally-identifying tracking.

We sit in the long arc of history and there are no lone acts.

This is all thanks to those who pushed things forward before us.

Contact

Four Five Studio Ltd, registered in England 14651429, VAT 435572192.

Privacy with Cabin: no cookies, no personally-identifying tracking.

We sit in the long arc of history and there are no lone acts.

This is all thanks to those who pushed things forward before us.